Image description
The image shows the first dynamo or electromagnetic generator, an invention of the American physicist Michael Faraday, also called Faraday’s Disc.
It consists of two main parts, as in the case of the electric motor, namely: the static part, called the stator, which is represented by a horseshoe-shaped magnet or elongated semicircle spade magnet, the left edge, and the moving part, called the rotor, which rotates and is represented by a copper disc, right edge.
The magnet is marked by a blank semicircle, with the right ends elongated, one to the center of the disc, at the front, and one to the right end of the disc, through the back.
The tall and vertical support, from which the magnet is attached in a horizontal position, is located on the left edge of the dynamo, highlighted by a thin and vertical rectangle with the upper end wider, embossed.
The copper disc, with a high electrical conductivity, is rendered by a large circle, filled with dotted texture, located on the right side of the dynamo, attached to a vertical support, shown embossed, at the bottom center of the disc.
The disc is fixed on a bronze spindle, rendered on the center of the disc with a small and blank circle, framed by a larger embossed circle.
The crank by which the disc is rotated manually is marked in the right center of the disc, through a thin horizontal rectangle, with a shorter vertical end, shown embossed.
The current flowed out through the sliding spring contact or collector, which was pressed by hand on the edge of the disk, when the disk was tuned and released electricity toward the rim.
The collector is shown on the left side of the disc, through a rod in the shape of a vertical and thickened line, with the ends bent.
The basic support on which the dynamo is mounted with the external circuit is represented at the very bottom side, as a horizontal rectangle, elongated and embossed.
General information
Nowadays, we can’t imagine life without electricity. Most working devices and tools use electricity. Thermal plants, washing machines and dishes, various lighting fixtures, water mains pumps, tools used for woodworking are just a few examples of electricity consumers. In addition, even medical devices that support the lives of some patients in hospitals use electricity. That’s why a flat tire rent can cause loss of life. To avoid power outages, most hospitals are equipped with electric generators, independent of the national electricity grid.
But what are they and how do these electric generators work?
D’s usually, the electricity is supplied by power plants, which are made up of several generators connected to each other. If the electric motor converts the electric current into rotational motion, the electric generator reverses, i.e. transforms mechanical energy, rotational motion into electricity.
As a composition, an electric generator is very similar to an electric motor and consists of the stator, i.e. the fixed part, and the rotor, the moving part that rotates. The stator is the carcass of the generator and includes the armature, i.e. one or more coils. The rotor is a magnet that rotates in the center of the generator and is surrounded by reinforcement. Of course, it can be the other way around, the armature is the rotor, and the magnet is the tick part, the result being the same. The electric current is generated in the generator armature, consisting of one or more coils, in the presence of a moving magnetic field. In 1831, scientist Michael Faraday discovered that an electrical conductor, e.g. a copper cable, generates current if moved inside a magnetic field.
We distinguish two types of electric generators: alternators and dynamites. Alternators generate alternating current, which changes direction at a regular interval. For example, at the home sockets we have alternating current, which changes its meaning 50 times per second. Instead, the dynamite generates dc. The dc will still find it in batteries.
The generator rotor can be operated by various parts, such as the force of water in the case of hydropower plants, the force of steam in the case of thermal power plants, or the force of wind in the case of wind power plants.
Generators independent of the electricity grid, such as those in hospitals, are powered by third-engine, gasoline or diesel. They start automatically in the event of a power outage and so all medical devices operate without interruption.
Generators powered by thermal motors are also used in places where connection to the national electricity grid is not possible. They are popular in hard-to-reach mountain areas. In addition, generators operated by internal combustion engines are also used on animal farms, but also in the food or pharmaceutical industry, in order to ensure the operation of refrigeration appliances, in order to avoid any damage caused by the alteration of products.
Did you know that the smallest useful generator is the bicycle dynamite? It produces current and powers a small headlight to ensure visibility during the night. He is driven by the power of man, by the movement of the bike wheel, during movement.
Bibliography
- https://www.shopnq.ro/blog/generator-de-curent-electric.html
- https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generator_electric
- http://www.atelierultau.ro/blog/cum-functioneaza-un-generator-de-curent-electric/
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