Image Description
It’s a recent image of Its Majesty in its eighties, with a gentle look and a gentle expression, with short hair and a prominent nose dressed in a suit.
The broad forehead is contoured by the bristle hair on the back, with a side-to-side track, rendered with compact texture, with curved lines superimposed over small and dense x texture.
The curled texture is the classic jacket worn over the rectangular textured shirt.
He wears a tie with a texture of crowded dots.
Historical data
Michael First (Romanian King Mihai First), the last king of Romania, was born on 25 October 1921 in the Foişor castle in Sinaia, being the only son of the heir to the throne of Romania, Carol, and Elena of Greece. After the retirement of Prince Carol (the future King Carol II, 1930-1940) in December 1925, Michael First became the heir to the throne by the act of January 4, 1926. Michael First reigned in two rows. The first time between 1927 and 1930, when power was exercised by a regency, consisting of his uncle, Prince Nicholas, Patriarch Miron Cristea and Gheorghe Buzdugan. By returning Carol the Second on June 6 and proclaiming him king on June 8, the act of January 6 was abrogated. Michael First received the new title of Great Voevod og Alba Iulia [Bibliography 1]. The second reign, 1940-1947, was marked by the authoritarian figure of Marshal Antonescu, headed by the state and holding the real power in Romania until 23 August. During this period the Constitution was abrogated, Ion Antonescu leading the Romanian state by decrees [Bibliography 2].
In the last part of the reign, 1945-1947, he faced the rapid pace of communion / sovietizing Romania after the formation of the first pro-communist government on March 6, 1945, led by Dr. Petru Groza. His name is linked to the act of August 23, after which Marshal Ion Antonescu was removed from the state, and Romania emerged from the war against the Allies (the Soviet Union, England and the US). Scheduled initially for August 26, 1944, the plan was overtaken 3 days after Antonescu was about to leave on the front. Called at the palace, he refused to sign the armistice, being arrested at the orders of the young king. Following was the retention of his main collaborators. According to King Michael, as none of the historical parties had the ability to keep Antonescu under guard, it was handed over to a group of Communists headed by Emil Bodnăraș. Later, they handed him over to the Soviet Union. Investigated in the Soviet Union, he was later brought to Romania to be trialed. Convicted to death on May 17, 1946, he was executed on June 1, 1946, in the famous Peach Valley of Jilava [Bibliography 3]. According to historian Dennis Deletant, by the act of August 23, 1944, King Michael First and his collaborators “pretended” aside from any Soviet attempt to get hold of power immediately after entering Bucharest, and on the other hand “overthrown a military dictatorship just to be overthrown in six months by another totalitarian regime.” [Bibliography 4].
Considering the last obstacle and enjoying immense popularity among the Romans, especially young people, early 1945 was marked by the Soviet and Communist pressures to call a Communist-controlled government. After Visinski’s arrival in Bucharest, the infamous Soviet prosecutor during Moscow’s trial, the King accepted the appointment of Petru Groza as Prime Minister. In conflict with the pro-communist government, the king refused to sign the government decrees, disbanding himself from the actions of the Groza cabinet, an act known as the Royal Regiment. [Bibliography 5]. In August 1945 he asked Petru Groza to resign. According to Florin Constantinescu, the king would have been encouraged in his action by Washington officials. In this fight. Petre Groza was “supported by Moscow”, thus refusing to “follow the royal request.” [Bibliography 6]. On November 8, 1945, on the day of his onomastics, his supporters held a demonstration in front of the Royal Palace, today the Revolution Square. There were victims among the participants [Bibliography 7]. The year 1946 was marked by election fraud by the Communists. At least the information available to the Cluj, Somes, and Turda counties had been won by the PNT. However, the official figures communicated after their disappearance indicated the victory of the Communists. The Communist Party and its allies in the Democratic Party Block were credited with 70%, followed by PNT by 20% and PNL by 10%. [Bibliography 8]
In 1947, Iuliu Maniu and other PNT members were arrested and then sentenced to life imprisonment. PNT was banned. Shortly thereafter, in November 1947, the PNL was self-dissolving. In the same month, Gheorghe Tătărescu and his liberal ministers, detached from PNL in 1945, resigned from the government. [Bibliography 9]. The road to full communism in Romania was nearing the end. As noted by Dennis Deletant, in 1947 King Michael First was “the last obstacle to the completion of Soviet domination in Romania”. [Bibliography 10].
In December 1947, the last days of the year, King Michael First was summoned to Elisabeth Palace. Waiting for Petru Groza and Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, they handed him the act of abdication. They offered him a few hours to think, blackmailing him with the shooting of 1,000 young people arrested. Under these circumstances, the King chooses to sacrifice to save the lives of the arrested and abdicates on December 30th. He leaves for the first days of the year in exile, where he will stay until 1989. [Bibliography 11].
His attempts to return to Romania were not accepted by the new postdecembrist power. He arrives in Romania on December 25, 1990. He is fugitive on the Pitesti highway, detained by the police and escorted to the airport. He will return to Romania at the invitation of Bishop Pimen, thus celebrating after 50 years the Holidays in Romania. A second visit took place in October 1994, when he was again expelled. After the re-establishment of Romanian citizenship during Emil Constantinescu (president of Romania between 1996-2000), he supported the process of Romania’s integration into the Euro-Atlantic structures, acting as an ambassador of Romania. He died in December 2017 [Bibliography 12]
Bibliography
1. T. Milcoveanu, The Two Principles of King Michael, in Nicolae Iorga et alli, The Kings of Romania. Carol I, Ferdinand, Carol II, Michael First. A true history, Bucharest, Tex Express, 1998, p. 150. Ioan Scurtu, King Ferdinand I, Bucharest, Encyclopaedic Publishing House, 2004, pp. 151, 154-155 , 162. John Scurtu, Timeline, in Cezar Petrescu, The Three Kings, 3rd edition, Bucharest, RAI, 1997, p. 177.
2. T. Milcoveanu, The Two Principles of King Michael, in Nicolae Iorga et alli, Nicolae Iorga et alli, The Kings of Romania. Carol I, Ferdinand, Carol II, Michael First. A true history, Bucharest, Tex Express, 1998, p. 156.
3. Mircea Ciobanu, Conversations with Michael First of Romania, Bucharest, Humanitas, 1997, pp. 21-25, 30. Dennis Deletant, Hilter’s Forgotten Ally. Ion Antonescu and His Regime, Romania 1940-44, PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, 2006, pp. 241-244, 250-261
4. Dennis Deletant, Romania under the Communist regime, Bucharest, Civil Academy, 1997, p. 37.
5. Mircea Ciobanu, Conversations with Michael First of Romania, 1997, Bucharest, Humanitas, p. 58.
6. Florin Constantiniu, Romania between 1944 and 1989, Ştefan Fischer-Galaţi, Dinu Giurescu, Ioan-Aurel Pop (coord.), A History of Romania. Critical Studies, Cluj-Napoca, Romanian Cultural Foundation / Center for Transilvania Studies, 1998, pp. 310-311.
7. Dumitru Lăcătuşu, Mihai Burcea, 67 years since the last pro-monarchic demonstration, accessible online at https://www.historia.ro/section/general/articol/67-de-ani-de-la-ultima -Mare-manifestation-pro-monarchist 2018.
8. Florin Constantiniu, Romania between 1944 and 1989, Ştefan Fischer-Galaţi, Dinu Giurescu, Ioan-Aurel Pop (coord.), A History of Romania. Critical Studies, Cluj-Napoca, Romanian Cultural Foundation / Center for Transilvania Studies, 1998, pp. 313-314.
9. Florin Constantiniu, Romania between 1944 and 1989, Ştefan Fischer-Galaţi, Dinu Giurescu, Ioan-Aurel Pop (coord.), A History of Romania. Critical Studies, Cluj-Napoca, Romanian Cultural Foundation / Center for Transilvania Studies, 1998, p. 317, Nicolae Videnie, Obsesia unanimity – the first steps: “The Elections” of March 1948, accessible online at http: //www.memoria. ro / studies / bucuresti _-_ irir / studies_irir / obsesia_unanimitatii _-_ the first step: __ quote_alegerile_quote__din_martie_1948 / 2063/2018.
10. Dennis Deletant, Romania under the Communist regime, Bucharest, Civil Academy Foundation, 1997, p. 60.
11. Mircea Ciobanu, Conversations with Michael First of Romania, 1997, Bucharest, Humanitas, 1997, p. 66.
12. Mircea Ciobanu, Conversations with Michael First of Romania, 1997, Bucharest, Humanitas, 1997, passim, King Michael First, accessible online at http://www.familiaregala.ro/familia-regala/prezentare/ms-regele- mihai 2018.
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